Типы данных power shell

Wikiversity has learning resources about PowerShell

• PowerShell on GitHub
• Windows PowerShell Survival Guide on TechNet Wiki

• cmdlets (.NET Framework programs designed to interact with PowerShell)
• PowerShell scripts (files suffixed by .ps1)
• PowerShell functions
• Standalone executable programs

Extended Type System

The number of cmdlets included in the base PowerShell install has generally increased with each version:

 # Definition of static parameters # Definition of dynamic parameters # Set of instruction to run at the start of the pipeline # Main instruction sets, ran for each item in the pipeline # Set of instruction to run at the end of the pipeline 

PowerShell

Screenshot of a PowerShell 7 session in Windows Terminal
Paradigm	Imperative, pipeline, object-oriented, functional and reflective
Designed by	Jeffrey Snover, Bruce Payette, James Truher (et al.)
Developer	Microsoft
First appeared	November 14, 2006; 17 years ago
Stable release
Typing discipline	Strong, safe, implicit and dynamic
Implementation language	C#
Platform	PowerShell: .NET Windows PowerShell: .NET Framework
OS
License	MIT License[2] (but the Windows component remains proprietary)
Filename extensions	.ps1 (Script) .ps1xml (XML Document) .psc1 (Console File) .psd1 (Data File) .psm1 (Script Module) .pssc (Session Configuration File) .psrc (Role Capability File) .cdxml (Cmdlet Definition XML Document)
Website
Influenced by
Python, Ksh, Perl, C#, CL, DCL, SQL, Tcl, Tk,[3] Chef, Puppet

PowerShell includes its own extensive, console-based help (similar to man pages in Unix shells) accessible via the Get-Help cmdlet. Updated local help contents can be retrieved from the Internet via the Update-Help cmdlet. Alternatively, help from the web can be acquired on a case-by-case basis via the -online switch to Get-Help.

Initially using the code name “Monad”, PowerShell was first shown publicly at the Professional Developers Conference in October 2003 in Los Angeles. All major releases are still supported, and each major release has featured backwards compatibility with preceding versions.

Windows PowerShell 1.0

Windows PowerShell 2.0

Windows PowerShell 3.0

• Scheduled jobs: Jobs can be scheduled to run on a preset time and date using the Windows Task Scheduler infrastructure.
• Session connectivity: Sessions can be disconnected and reconnected. Remote sessions have become more tolerant of temporary network failures.
• Improved code writing: Code completion (IntelliSense) and snippets are added. PowerShell ISE allows users to use dialog boxes to fill in parameters for PowerShell cmdlets.
• Delegation support: Administrative tasks can be delegated to users who do not have permissions for that type of task, without granting them perpetual additional permissions.
• Help update: Help documentations can be updated via Update-Help command.
• Automatic module detection: Modules are loaded implicitly whenever a command from that module is invoked. Code completion works for unloaded modules as well.
• New commands: Dozens of new modules were added, including functionality to manage disks get-WmiObject win32_logicaldisk, volumes, firewalls, network connections, and printers, which had previously been performed via WMI.^{[further explanation needed]}

Windows PowerShell 4.0

New features in PowerShell 4.0 include:

• Desired State Configuration:^[83][84][85] Declarative language extensions and tools that enable the deployment and management of configuration data for systems using the DMTF management standards and WS-Management Protocol
• New default execution policy: On Windows Servers, the default execution policy is now RemoteSigned.
• Save-Help: Help can now be saved for modules that are installed on remote computers.
• Enhanced debugging: The debugger now supports debugging workflows, remote script execution and preserving debugging sessions across PowerShell session reconnections.
• -PipelineVariable switch: A new ubiquitous parameter to expose the current pipeline object as a variable for programming purposes
• Network diagnostics to manage physical and Hyper-V‘s virtualized network switches
• Where and ForEach method syntax provides an alternate method of filtering and iterating over objects.

Windows PowerShell 5.0

Key features included:

• The new class keyword that creates classes for object-oriented programming
• The new enum keyword that creates enums
• OneGet cmdlets to support the Chocolatey package manager^[87]
• Extending support for switch management to layer 2 network switches.^[88]
• Debugging for PowerShell background jobs and instances of PowerShell hosted in other processes (each of which is called a “runspace”)
• Desired State Configuration (DSC) Local Configuration Manager (LCM) version 2.0
• DSC partial configurations
• DSC Local Configuration Manager meta-configurations
• Authoring of DSC resources using PowerShell classes

Windows PowerShell 5.1

PowerShell Core 6

• The -Parallel switch for the ForEach-Object cmdlet to help handle parallel processing
• Near parity with Windows PowerShell in terms of compatibility with built-in Windows modules
• A new error view
• The Get-Error cmdlet
• Pipeline chaining operators (&& and ||) that allow conditional execution of the next cmdlet in the pipeline
• The ?: operator for ternary operation
• The ?? operator for null coalescing
• The ??= operator for null coalescing assignment
• Cross-platform Invoke-DscResource (experimental)
• Return of the Out-GridView cmdlet
• Return of the -ShowWindow switch for the Get-Help

Desired State Configuration

Upon running a configuration, DSC will ensure that the system gets the state described in the configuration. DSC configurations are idempotent. The Local Configuration Manager (LCM) periodically polls the system using the control flow described by resources (imperative pieces of DSC) to make sure that the state of a configuration is maintained.

Comparison of cmdlets with similar commands

1. ls and man aliases are absent in the Linux version of PowerShell Core.
2. Clear-Host is implemented as a predefined PowerShell function.
3. Available in Windows NT 4, Windows 98 Resource Kit, Windows 2000 Support Tools
4. Introduced in Windows XP Professional Edition
5. Also used in UNIX to send a process any signal, the “Terminate” signal is merely the default
6. curl and wget aliases are absent from PowerShell Core, so as to not interfere with invoking similarly named native commands.

:/>  Критическая ошибка Ваше меню «Пуск» не работает в Windows 10

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